The European Commission has signed the Convention establishing the International Claims Commission for Ukraine, representing a significant step in efforts to ensure accountability and justice for Ukraine. The signing took place during a Diplomatic Conference hosted by the Council of Europe and the Netherlands, with Vice-President Kaja Kallas and Commissioner Michael McGrath acting on behalf of the EU. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy was present at the event.
President Ursula von der Leyen stated: “Today’s agreement sends a crystal clear message: Russia’s war of aggression will not go unanswered. This is a concrete instrument of justice to ensure the aggressor will be held accountable. Because accountability is not optional, it is inevitable. The victims of Russia’s brutality have the right to compensation. And we will pursue this, in yet another example of Europe’s steadfast support for Ukraine.”
The new Claims Commission, operating within the Council of Europe’s framework, will review and decide on claims for compensation related to damage caused by Russia in Ukraine. It will also determine compensation amounts in each case. This body builds upon work done by the Register of Damage established in May 2023, which records eligible claims from those affected by the conflict.
As discussions continue with international partners about legal avenues to set up a compensation fund, there are ongoing efforts to ensure that Russia directly compensates Ukraine for damages caused during its invasion.
Following this signing, both the EU and its Member States plan to ratify the Convention.
Efforts began in March 2025 to establish such a commission as an extension of work started with the Register of Damage in 2023. Negotiations led to agreement on a draft convention within the Council of Europe’s framework by September 2025. On November 12th, a proposal was put forward seeking authorization from the Council for signature; this was adopted on December 15th.
Parallel initiatives include creating a Special Tribunal aimed at holding Russian political and military leaders accountable for crimes committed against Ukraine. An agreement between Ukraine and the Council of Europe was signed in June regarding this tribunal, with further proposals under preparation by EU institutions.
Additionally, support continues for Ukrainian authorities like its Prosecutor General’s Office through missions designed to strengthen investigative capacities concerning international crimes committed during the conflict. The EU has also increased funding for the International Criminal Court (ICC) so it can expand investigations into events occurring both in Ukraine and elsewhere.