The European Parliament has adopted a resolution warning about the increasing geopolitical competition and military build-up in the Arctic region. The resolution, which passed with 510 votes in favor, 75 against, and 80 abstentions, urges that the Arctic remain governed by international law and calls for the European Union to develop a more robust, security-oriented strategy.
Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) expressed concern over what they described as Russia’s extensive military restructuring in the region, including the creation of its “Maritime Collegium.” They stated that this development, combined with China’s growing interest in the Arctic, has heightened tensions and threatened regional stability. The resolution emphasizes that the EU should enhance cooperation with NATO allies and that EU-US collaboration is essential to counter Russian and Chinese activities.
The MEPs also highlighted recent incidents in the Baltic Sea involving Russia’s so-called shadow fleet and Chinese vessels. In response, they called for stronger protection of vital underwater infrastructure in the Arctic—such as submarine cables and pipelines near Greenland—and advocated for stricter regulations regarding sanctions and countermeasures.
On legal governance, MEPs underscored that management of the Arctic must adhere to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). They rejected unilateral claims over maritime routes like the Northern Sea Route and supported diplomatic engagement to address disputes. The resolution further calls for applying international law to challenge efforts aimed at legitimizing contested shipping lanes or projecting influence under scientific or economic pretenses.
MEPs identified the Arctic as an important source of critical resources necessary for Europe’s strategic autonomy. They noted Norway’s significant role in ensuring EU energy security and resilience. The resolution also references increasing support for EU membership among populations in Iceland and Greenland. MEPs encouraged deeper strategic partnerships with these regions and suggested promoting potential EU membership if desired by their citizens.
Addressing environmental concerns, MEPs pointed out that climate change disproportionately affects the Arctic. They urged swift improvements to adaptation strategies that also consider security implications. The involvement of indigenous peoples from the region in decision-making processes was emphasized as essential.
Rapporteur Urmas Paet (Renew, Estonia) commented: “In recent years, we have experienced significant turbulence in world politics. This is having a clear effect on the Arctic region. The EU needs a smart strategy to face the Arctic’s growing geopolitical importance and, among other efforts, I hope to see Iceland, Norway and Greenland joining the EU in the near future.”
